【原文】
子貢曰:「君子亦有惡乎?」子曰:「有惡。惡稱人之惡者,惡居下流(1)而訕(2)上者,惡勇而無禮者,惡果敢而窒(3)者。」曰:「賜也亦有惡乎?」「惡徼(4)以為知者,惡不孫(5)以為勇者,惡訐(6)以為直者。」
【英文】
Zi-gong said, “Does even the gentleman have his dislikes?” The Master said, “Yes. The gentleman has his dislikes. He dislikes those who proclaim the evil in others. He dislikes those who, being in inferior positions, slander their superiors. He dislikes those who, while possessing courage, lack the spirit of the rites. He dislikes those whose resoluteness is not tempered by understanding.”
The Master added, “Do you, Ci, have your dislikes as well?”
“I dislike those in whom being unrelenting passes for wisdom. I dislike those in whom insolence passes for courage. I dislike those in whom exposure of others passes for forthrightness.”
【注釋】
(1)居下流,指居下位。
(2)訕,毀謗。
(3)窒,不通事理。
(4)徼,抄也。抄人之意,以為己有。
(5)孫,謙讓。
(6)訐,攻發人之陰私。
【翻譯】
子貢問:「君子也有厭惡的人嗎?」孔子說:「有的。厭惡說人壞話的人,厭惡在下位毀謗在上位的人,厭惡有勇無禮的人,厭惡果敢而不通事理的人。」孔子反問:「賜啊,你也有厭惡的人嗎?」子貢回答:「厭惡抄襲別人的成果而自以為聰明的人,厭惡不謙讓而自以為勇敢的人,厭惡揭發人的陰私而自以為正直的人。」
【主旨】人好惡(價值)之偽,人厭惡時之真與偽。
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【參考文獻】
1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。
2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。
3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_17.htm
4、楊伯峻 今譯,劉殿爵 英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。