【原文】

 

樊遲問「仁」。子曰:「愛人。」問「知」(1)。子曰:「知人。」樊遲未達(2)。子曰:「舉直錯諸枉,能使枉者直(3)。」樊遲退,見子夏曰:「鄉(4)也,吾見於夫子而問『知』;子曰:『舉直錯諸枉,能使枉者直。』何謂也?」子夏曰:「富哉言乎!有天下,選於眾,舉皋陶(5),不仁者遠矣;有天下,選於眾,舉伊尹(6),不仁者遠矣。」

【英文】

Fan Chi asked about benevolence. The Master said, “Love your fellow men.”

He asked about wisdom. The Master said, “Know your fellow men.” Fan Chi failed to grasp his meaning. The Master said, “Raise the straight and set them over the crooked. This can make the crooked straight.”

Fan Chi withdrew and went to see Zi-xia, saying, “Just now, I went to see the Master and asked about wisdom. The Master said, ‘Raise the straight and set them over the crooked. This can make the crooked straight.’ What did he mean?”

Zi-xia said, “Rich, indeed, is the meaning of these words. When Shun possessed the Empire, he raised Gao Yao from the multitude and by so doing placed those who were not benevolent at a great distance. When Tang possessed the Empire, he raised Yi Yin from the multitude and by so doing placed those who were not benevolent at a great distance.”

 

【注釋】

(1)知,同「智」。

(2)未達,未明。

(3)舉直錯諸枉二句,舉,舉拔。錯,安置。朱熹曰:「舉直錯枉者,知也。使枉者直,則仁矣。」

(4)鄉,同「嚮」。指前時。

(5)皋陶,舜之賢臣。

(6)伊尹,湯之賢相。

【翻譯】

樊遲問怎樣才算是仁德。孔子說:「愛護眾人。」又問怎樣才算是明智。孔子說:「能明察人的好壞。」樊遲沒有明白孔子的意思。孔子解釋說:「提拔正直的人放置到不正直的人上面,能夠使不正直的人也正直起來。」樊遲從老師退出,又去找子夏說:「前些時候,我請教老師怎樣才叫明智,老師說:『提拔正直的人放置到不正直的人上面,能夠使不正直的人也正直起來。』這是什麼道理呢?」子夏說:「這話說得好極了呀!比如說,舜帝有了天下,在眾人之中提拔了皋陶,那些不仁的人也就遠離了;商湯有了天下,在眾人之中選用了伊尹作為他的相,那些不仁的人也就遠離了。」

【主旨】闡明仁德與明智的真諦。

 ------------------------------------------------

 

------------------------------------------------

【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_12.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

arrow
arrow
    全站熱搜

    少年機 發表在 痞客邦 留言(0) 人氣()