【原文】
子曰:「恭而無禮則勞;慎而無禮則葸(1);勇而無禮則亂;直而無禮則絞(2)。君子(3)篤於親,則民興於仁。故舊不遺,則民不偷(4)。」
【英文】
The Master said, “Unless a man has the spirit of the rites, in being respectful he will wear himself out, in being careful he will become timid, in having courage he will become unruly, and in being forthright he will become unrelenting. “When the gentleman feels profoundaffection for his parents, the common people will be stirred to benevolence. When he does not forget friends of long standing, the common people will not shirk their obligations to other people.”
【注釋】
(1)葸,畏懼。
(2)絞,急切;刺人之非。
(3)君子,指在上位者。
(4)民不偷,言民德歸厚,不澆薄。偷,澆薄;人情淡薄。
【翻譯】
孔子說:「恭敬而不符合禮節就會煩擾徒勞,謹慎而不符合禮節就會畏怯多懼,好勇而不符合禮節就會犯上作亂,直率而不符合禮節就會急切責人,在上位的人能厚待親屬,那民間也會興起仁愛的風氣。在上位的人能不遺棄故交舊友,那民風也會敦厚不至於澆薄了。」
【主旨】德行總論,德於客體之本—禮。
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【參考文獻】
1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。
2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。
3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_08.htm
4、楊伯峻 今譯,劉殿爵 英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。
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