楊老師的部落格

【原文】

食不厭精，膾不厭細（1）。食饐而餲（2），魚餒（3）而肉敗（4），不食。色惡不食，臭惡不食。失飪不食，不時（5）不食。割不正（6）不食，不得其醬不食。肉雖多，不使勝食氣（7）；唯酒無量，不及亂。沽酒，市脯，不食。不撤薑食（8）。不多食。祭於公，不宿肉（9）。祭肉，不出三日；出三日，不食之矣。食不語，寢不言。雖疏食，菜羹，瓜祭，必齊如也（10）。

【英文】

He ate his fill of polished rice, so did he eat his fill of finely minced meat. He did not eat rice that had gone sour or fish and meat that had spoiled. He did not eat food that had gone off colour or food that had a bad smell. He did not eat food that was not properly prepared nor did he eat except at the proper times. He did not eat food that had not been properly cut up, nor did he eat unless the proper sauce was available. Even when there was plenty of meat, he avoided eating more meat than rice. Only in the case of wine did he not set himself a rigid limit. He simply never drank to the point of becoming confused. He did not consume wine or dried meat bought from a shop. Even when he did not have the side dish of ginger cleared from the table, he did not eat more than was proper. After assisting at a sacrifice at his lord’s place, he did not keep his portion of the sacrificial meat overnight. In other cases, he did not keep the sacrificial meat for more than three days. Once it was kept beyond three days, he no longer ate it. He did not converse at meals; nor did he talk in bed. Even when a meal consisted only of coarse rice and vegetable broth, he invariably made an offering from them and invariably did so solemnly.

【注釋】

（1）食不厭精膾不厭細，食，飯也。精，鑿也。牛羊與魚之腥，聶而切之為膾。食精則能養人，膾麤則能害人。不厭，言以是為善，非謂必欲如是也。

（2）食饐而餲，食糧經久而腐臭變壞。饐，謂飲食經久而腐臭也。餲，謂經久而味惡也。

（3）餒， 魚爛。

（4）敗，肉敗。

（5）不時，一日三餐，三餐以外為不時。

（6）割不正，宰殺豬牛羊不當。割，指宰殺的方式。

（7）不使勝食氣，言不使肉食勝過於飯氣。食氣，指五穀之氣。

（8）不撤薑食，言飯後薑食不撤去。撤，撤去。

（9）祭於公不宿肉，言助祭於君，所得胙肉，歸即分賜，不待隔日。

（10）雖疏食菜羹瓜祭二句，言雖以微薄之食品致祭，其祭必敬。

【翻譯】

米飯不嫌舂得精白，肉膾不嫌切得細。食糧放置過久變壞或變味了的不吃，魚類、肉類變味腐敗的不吃。食物和平常的顏色不同、味道變了的不吃。烹調壞了的不吃，不是正餐不吃。宰殺方式處理不當的肉不吃，沒有適當的醬不吃。肉雖然多，不使吃肉比吃飯還多。喝酒按酒量，不喝到醉而惹事。街上零買來的酒、肉乾怕不乾淨不吃。桌上生薑不可撤走，食物也不可多吃。幫助國君祭祀，分回來的祭肉，當天便分送給人。祭肉不能留著超過三天，超過三天便不能吃了。吃的時候不交談，睡的時候不講話。雖然是粗飯、菜湯、瓜類臨食時也必祭，而且要有敬意。

【主旨】孔子飲食之節。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲，《論語平解》，〈學而〉，大雁文化事業，2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》，〈學而〉，三民書局，2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_10.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯，劉殿爵  英譯，《論語》（Confucius The Analects），聯經出版事業，Chinese-English edition，2009。