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【原文】

 

季子然(1)問:「仲由冉求,可謂大臣與?」子曰:「吾以子為異之問(2),曾(3)由與求之問?所謂大臣者,以道事君,不可則止;今由與求也,可謂具臣(4)矣。」曰:「然則從之者與?」子曰:「弒父與君,亦不從也。」

【英文】

Ji Zi-Ran asked, “Can Zhong You and Ran Qiu be called great ministers?” The Master said, “I had expected a somewhat different question. It never occurred to me that you were going to ask about You and Qiu. The term great minister’ refers to those who serve their lord according to the Way and who, when this is no longer possible, relinquish office. Now men like You and Qiu can be described as ministers appointed to make up the full quota.” “In that case, are they the kind that will always do as they are told?” “No, they will not do so when it comes to patricide or regicide.”

 

【注釋】

(1)季子然,季氏子弟,因季氏得子路、冉求為家臣,故問之。

(2)異之問,謂有異常之問。異,非常。

(3)曾,乃也。

(4)具臣,備臣數而已。

【翻譯】

季子然問道:「仲由、冉求可以稱得上是大臣嗎?」孔子說:「我以為你有異乎尋常的問題,哪曉得你是問仲由與冉求兩個人呀?ㄧ般所所的大臣,是要用正道來奉事國君,國君不接受,就該罷官不做。現在的仲由和冉求,只是備位充數的臣子罷了。」季子然接著問道:「那麼他們ㄧ定能聽從季氏的話了?」孔子說:「要是像弒父、弒君這類大逆不道的事情,他們也是不會聽從的。」

【主旨】為臣事君之道。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_11.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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