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【原文】

 

子路從而後,遇丈人(1),以杖荷蓧(2)子路問曰:「子見夫子乎?」丈人曰:「四體不勤,五穀不分(3),孰為夫子!」植(4)其杖而芸(5)。子路拱而立(6)。止(7)子路宿,殺雞為黍而食(8)之,見其二子焉。明日,子路行以告。子曰:「隱者也。」使子路反見之。至,則行(9)矣。子路曰:「不士無義。長幼之節,不可廢也;君臣之義,如之何其廢之?欲潔其身,而亂大倫(10)。君子之仕也,行其義也(11)。道之不行,已知之矣!」

【英文】

Zi-lu, when travelling with , fell behind. He met an old man, carrying a basket on a staff over his shoulder.

Zi-lu asked, “Have you seen my Master?”

The old man said, “You seem neither to have toiled with your limbs nor to be able to tell one kind of grain from another. Who may your Master be?” He planted his staff in the ground and started weeding.

Zi-lu stood, cupping one hand respectfully in the other.

The old man invited Zi-lu to stay for the night. He killed a chicken and prepared some millet for his guest to eat, and presented his two sons to him.

The next day, Zi-lu resumed his journey and reported this conversation. The Master said, “He must be a recluse.” He sent Zi-lu back to see him again. When he arrived, the old man had departed.

Zi-lu commented, “Not to enter public life is to ignore one’s duty. Even the proper regulation of old and young cannot be set aside. How, then, can the duty between ruler and subject be set aside? This is to cause confusion in the most important of human relationships simply because one desired to keep unsullied one’s character. The gentleman takes office in order to do his duty. As for putting the Way into practice, he knows all along that it is hopeless.”

 

【注釋】

(1)丈人,老者,亦隱者。

(2)荷蓧,負ㄧ竹器。蓧,竹器。

(3)四體不勤五穀不分,言四肢不勞動,菽麥不辨,責其不事農業而從師遠遊。或曰,此貳句為丈人自述其不遑暇及,言四肢不及勤勞,五穀不及分。

(4)植,拄著;扶持。

(5)芸,通「耘」。除草。

(6)拱而立,言斂手而立,以示敬。拱,斂手。

(7)止,留也。

(8)食,作動詞,與之食。

(9)行,謂丈人出行不在。

(10)大倫,謂人倫之大者:指父子有親,君臣有義,夫婦有別,長幼有序,朋友有信。

(11)行其義也,言出仕,所以行君臣之義。

【翻譯】

子路跟隨著孔子出行而落後了,途中遇見一位老人,他用拐杖扛著除草的竹器。子路上前問道:「你看見過我的老師嗎?」老人說:「你手足不勞動,五榖也不能分辨,誰是你的老師?」便扶著拐杖去除草。子路拱手恭敬地站著。後來老人留子路在家住宿,還殺雞做飯來招待子路,又叫他的二個兒子出來拜見子路。 第二天,子路辭行,趕上了孔子,並把昨天的事告訴了孔子。孔子說:「那是一位隱士啊!」教子路回去再拜見他。子路到老人的家,老人卻出去了。子路便對老人的兩個兒子說:「不出來替國家做事,就是廢棄了君臣大義。長幼的禮節,不可以廢棄,君臣的大義,又怎麼可以廢棄呢?為了想保持自身的高潔,而悖亂了君臣的大倫。所以君子出來做事,是實行君臣的大義。至於政治理想不能實現,那是我早已知道的了。」

【主旨】記隱者與子路相譏之與。

 

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_18.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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