【原文】
逸民(1):伯夷、叔齊、虞仲(2)、夷逸、朱張(3)、柳下惠、少連(4)。子曰:「不降其志,不辱其身,伯夷叔齊與?」謂柳下惠、少連:「降志辱身矣;言中倫(5),行中慮,其斯而已矣!」謂虞仲、夷逸:「隱居放言,身中清,廢中權(6)。」「我則異於是,無可無不可。」
【英文】
Men who withdrew from society: Bo Yi, Shu Qi, Yu Zhong, Yi Yi, Zhu Zhang, Liu Xia Hui, Shao Lian. The Master commented, “Not to lower their purpose or to allow themselves to be humiliated describes, perhaps, Bo Yi and Shu Qi.” Of Liu Xia Hui and Shao Lian he said, “They, indeed, lowered their purpose and allowed themselves to be humiliated, but their words were in accord with their station, and their deeds with circumspection. That was all.” Of Yu Zhong and Yi Yi he said, “They lived as recluses and gave free rein to their words. Thus they accorded, in their persons, with purity, and, in their words, with the right measure for the occasion. I, however, am different. I have no preconceptions about the permissible and the impermissible.”
【注釋】
(1)逸民,遺逸無位之民。
(2)虞仲,即仲雍,太伯之弟,後入荊蠻。
(3)夷逸、朱張,生平不詳。
(4)少連,東夷人。
(5)倫,理也。
(6)廢中權,廢,《經典釋文》引鄭玄本作發。發中權,發言合於權宜。
【翻譯】
古今被遺落人才有:伯夷、叔齊、虞仲、夷逸、朱張、柳下惠、少連。孔子說:「保持自己意志而不肯屈服,尊重自己的身體不肯受辱,是伯夷、叔齊兩人處世的態度吧?」又批評柳下惠、少連:「犧牲自己意志,降低了自己的身分;但說話合乎道理,行為經過思慮。但那也不過如此罷了。」批評虞仲、夷逸說:「逃世隱居,放肆直言,但他們的行為清高,發言合於權宜。」又說:「棄我就他們不一樣,只依道義去作,沒有什麼是可以,也沒有什麼是不可以。」
【主旨】孔子論逸民賢者之行,並自述處世之道。
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【參考文獻】
1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。
2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。
3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_18.htm
4、楊伯峻 今譯,劉殿爵 英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。
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