楊老師的部落格

 

【原文】

 

子路問：「聞斯行諸（1）？」子曰：「有父兄在，如之何其聞斯行之！」冉有問：「聞斯行諸？」子曰：「聞斯行之！」公西華曰：「由也問『聞斯行諸？』，子曰：『有父兄在』；求也問，『聞斯行諸？』子曰：『聞斯行之』。赤也感，敢問？」子曰：「求也退（2），故進之；由也兼人（3），故退之。」

【英文】

Zi-lu asked, “Should one immediately put into practice what one has heard?” The Master said, “As your father and elder brothers are still alive, you are hardly in a position immediately to put into practice what you have heard.” Ran You asked, “Should one immediately put into practice what one has heard?” The Master said,  “ Yes. One should.” Gong-xi Hua said, “When You asked whether one should immediately put into practice what one had heard, you pointed out that his father and elder brothers were alive. Yet when Qiu asked whether one should immediately put into practice what one had heard, you answered that one should. I am puzzled. May I be enlightened?” The Master said, “Qiu holds himself back. It is for this reason that I tried to urge him on. You has the drive of two men. It is for this reason that I tried to hold him back.”

 

【注釋】

（1）聞斯行諸，言聞義即當行之乎。斯，此也，指聞義也。諸，之乎。

（2）退，言畏縮不前。冉有性謙退。

（3）兼人，謂勝人。

【翻譯】

子路問道：「聽到ㄧ件合於義理的事，就去做嗎？」孔子說：「還有父親和兄長在上，怎麼可以聽到就去做呢？」冉有問道：「聽到ㄧ件合於義理的事，就去做嗎？」孔子說：「聽到了就去做。」 公西華說：「仲由問：『聽到ㄧ件合於義理的事，就去做嗎？』您回答說：『還有父親和兄長在上』；冉求問：『聽到ㄧ件合於義理的事，就去做嗎？』您卻回答說：『聽到了就去做。』我感到迷惑，我大膽的請問其中的道理何在？」孔子說：「冉求平時做事畏縮不前，所以鼓勵他進取；仲由平時好勇過人，所以壓抑他讓他謙退些。」

【主旨】孔子因材施教，使之無過不及之患。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲，《論語平解》，〈學而〉，大雁文化事業，2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》，〈學而〉，三民書局，2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_11.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯，劉殿爵  英譯，《論語》（Confucius The Analects），聯經出版事業，Chinese-English edition，2009。