【原文】

 

君子不以紺緅(1)(2),紅紫不以為褻服(3);當暑,袗絺綌(4),必表而出之(5)。緇衣羔裘(6),素衣麑裘(7),黃衣狐裘(8)。褻裘長(9),短右袂(10)。必有寢衣(11),長一身有半。狐貉之厚以居(12)。去喪(13)無所不佩(14)。非帷裳(15),必殺(16)之。羔裘玄冠(17),不以弔。吉月(18),必朝服而朝。

【英文】

The gentleman avoided using dark purple, and maroon coloured silk for lapels and cuffs. Red and violet coloured silks were not used for informal dress. When, in the heat of summer, he wore an unlined robe made of either fine or coarse material, he invariably wore it over an underrobe to set it off. Under a black jacket, he wore lambskin ; under an undyed jacket, he wore fawnskin ; under a yellow jacket, he wore fox fur. His informal fur coat was long but with a short right sleeve. He invariably had a night shirt which came down to his knees. Their fur being thick, pelts of the fox and the badger were used as rugs. Once the period of mourning was over, he placed no restrictions on the kind of ornament that he wore. Other than skirts for ceremonial occasions,  everything else was made up from cut pieces.

Lambskin coats and black caps were not used on visits of condolence. On New Year’s Day, he invariably went to court in court dress.

 

【注釋】

(1)紺緅,紺,深青近黑色。緅,絳色。

(2)飾,領緣,由今之領口、袖口滾邊。

(3)褻服,家居所穿著之服。

(4)袗絺綌,言葛之單衣。袗,單衣。葛之精細者曰絺,粗者曰綌。

(5)表而出之,謂先著裡衣,表絺綌而出之於外,欲其不見體。

(6)緇衣羔裘,言羔裘之外加黑上衣,始能相稱。緇衣,黑上衣。羔裘,用黑羊皮所製之裘。

(7)素衣麑裘,言穿上麑裘外加白上衣。麑,麑皮色白。

(8)黃衣狐裘,言穿狐裘,外加黃上衣。狐,狐皮色黃。

(9)褻裘長,褻裘,居家所著之裘衣。長,欲其溫。

(10)袂,衣袖。

(11)寢衣,小臥被。

(12)狐貉之厚以居,狐貉,毛深溫厚,作為座褥取其適體。居,坐。

(13)去喪,除喪,指喪服期滿,除去喪服。

(14)無所不佩,任何飾物皆可配帶。朱熹曰:「君子無故,玉不去身,觿礪之屬,亦皆佩也。」

(15)帷裳,上朝或祭祀時所穿之禮服。

(16)殺,減少;裁去。

(17)羔裘玄冠,黑色之羊皮衣和黑色禮帽。

(18)吉月,月朔;每月初一。

【翻譯】

孔子不把深青、絳色作領口、袖口的滾邊,不用紅色和紫色做居家的便服。 夏天暑熱,穿葛布的單衣,裡面必穿內衣,冬天,外面穿黑上衣,裡面配黑羊皮的袍子,穿白上衣,裡面配白鹿皮的袍子,穿黃上衣,裡面配黃狐皮的袍子。在家穿的皮袍要長,右邊的袖子短,便於做事。蓋的被子,比身體長ㄧ倍半。狐貉的皮毛厚,用以做坐墊。喪服已除,任何飾物都可以佩戴。除了祭祀穿的用整幅布做的裙子外,其餘的裙子,一定要斜幅縫製。不穿戴黑皮袍、黑色禮帽去弔喪。每月初一,必定穿朝服去上朝。

【主旨】記孔子平日衣服之制。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_10.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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