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【原文】

 

寢不尸(1),居不容(2)。見齊衰(3)者,雖狎必變(4)。見冕者與瞽者,雖褻(5)必以貌(6)。凶服者式(7)之;式負版者(8),有盛饌,必變色而作(9)。迅雷、風烈必變。

【英文】

When in bed, he did not lie like a corpse, nor did he sit in the formal manner of a guest when by himself. When he met a bereaved person in mourning dress, even though it was someone he was on familiar terms with, he invariably assumed a solemn expression. When he met someone wearing a ceremonial cap or someone blind, even though they were well known to him, he invariably showed them respect. On passing a person dressed as a mourner he would lean forward with his hands on the crossbar of his carriage to show respect; he would act in a similar manner towards a person carrying official documents. When a sumptuous feast was brought on, he invariably assumed a solemn expression and rose to his feet. When there was a sudden clap of thunder or a violent wind, he invariably assumed a solemn attitude.

 

【注釋】

(1)尸,仰臥似死人。

(2)居不容,居家不為容儀。

(3)齊衰,喪服的ㄧ種,比較重的斬衰次ㄧ等。

(4)雖狎必變,狎,親狎;親近。變,改容。

(5)褻,數相見。

(6)貌,禮貌。

(7)式,同「軾」;車前橫木。在此指俯身,雙手扶軾,以示恭敬。

(8)負版者,持國圖籍者。

(9)作,起也。

【翻譯】

睡臥時不挺直四肢像死屍一樣,在家不做莊肅的儀容。見到穿喪服的人,雖然平素很親近,也必變容表示哀悼。見到戴著禮帽的卿大夫與盲人,雖然是經常相見,也必定以禮貌來待他們。如果坐在車上,路上遇見穿喪服的人,身體微俯,手扶在車前橫木上表示敬意。對手上拿著國家圖籍的人,手也扶在車前橫木上。朋友盛宴招待時,必肅容站起來,對主人表示敬意。遇打急雷、刮大風,必變色表示不安。

【主旨】孔子容貌之變。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_10.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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