【原文】
定公問:「一言而可以興邦,有諸?」孔子對曰:「言不可以若是其幾也(1)!人之言曰:『為君難,為臣不易。』如知為君之難也,不幾乎(2)一言而興邦乎?」曰:「一言而喪邦,有諸?」孔子對曰:「言不可以若是其幾也!人之言曰:『予無樂乎為君,唯其言而莫予違也(3)。』如其善而莫之違也,不亦善乎?如不善而莫之違也,不幾乎一言而喪邦乎?」
【英文】
Duke Ding asked, “Is there such a thing as a single saying that can make a state prosper?”
Confucius answered, “A saying cannot quite do that. There is a saying among men: ‘It is difficult to be a ruler, and it is not easy to be a subject either.’ If the ruler understands the difficulty of being a ruler, then is this not almost a case of a saying making a state prosper?”
“Is there such a thing as a saying that can ruin a state?”
Confucius answered, “A saying cannot quite do that. There is a saying among men: ‘I do not at all enjoy being a ruler, except for the fact that there is no one to go against what I say.’ If what he says is good and no one goes against him, good. But if what he says is not good and no one goes against him, then is this not almost a case of a saying ruining a state?”
【注釋】
(1)言不可以若是其幾也,謂ㄧ言之間,未可以如此而必期其效。幾,期望。
(2)幾乎,近乎。
(3)予無樂乎為君二句,言為君別無可樂,唯可樂者,無人敢違抗吾之言。
【翻譯】
魯定公問說:「一句話就可以使國家興盛,有這回事嗎?」孔子回答說:「話不可以期望它必然這樣啊。有人說:『做國君很艱難,做臣子也不容易。』如果真能知道做國君的艱難,不就幾乎一句話便可以使國家興盛了嗎?」魯定公又問:「一句話就可以使國家喪亡,有這回事嗎?」孔子回答說:「話不可以期望它必然這樣啊!有人說:『我做國君沒有可快樂的,唯一可快樂的,只是我說的話沒有人敢違抗。』如果國君說的話正確而沒有人敢違抗,那不是很好嗎?如果國君說的話不正確而沒有人違抗,那不幾乎是一句話便可以使國家滅亡了嗎?」
【主旨】言為君之難,不可ㄧ言苟乎。
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【參考文獻】
1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。
2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。
3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_13.htm
4、楊伯峻 今譯,劉殿爵 英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。
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