【原文】

 

子貢問曰:「何如斯可謂之士矣?」子曰:「行己有恥(1);使於四方,不辱君命(2);可謂士矣。」曰:「敢問其次?」曰:「宗族稱孝焉,鄉黨稱弟焉。」曰:「敢問其次?」曰:「言必信,行必果(3);硜硜然(4),小人(5)哉!抑亦可以為次矣。」曰:「今之從政者何如?」子曰:「噫!斗筲之人(6),何足算也!」

【英文】

Zi-gong asked, “What must a man be like before he can be said truly to be a Gentleman?”

The Master said, “A man who has a sense of shame in the way he conducts himself and, when sent abroad, does not disgrace the commission of his lord can be said to be a Gentleman.”

“May I ask about the grade below?”

“Someone praised for being a good son in his clan and for being a respectful young man in the village.”

“And the next?”

“A man who insists on keeping his word and seeing his actions through to the end can, perhaps, be qualified to come next, even though he shows a stubborn petty-minaeciness.

“What about men who are in public life in the present day?”

The Master said, “Oh, they are of such limited capacity that they hardly count.”

 

【注釋】

(1)行己有恥,己之行事,能知恥而有所不為。

(2)不辱君命,言臣出使,不辱沒國君託付之使命。

(3)行必果,言所欲行,必果敢為之。

(4)硜硜然,小石堅確貌。言能堅然自守。

(5)小人,指識量淺狹之人。

(6)斗筲之人,喻才短量淺之人。斗,量名。容十升;筲,竹器,容斗二升,指器之小者。

【翻譯】

子貢問道:「怎樣才可以稱為士呢?」孔子說:「自己行事能知恥,出使外國,能夠達成任務,。便可以稱得上是士了。」子貢說:「敢問次一等的怎樣。」孔子說:「宗族中的人都稱贊他孝順父母,鄉里中的人都稱贊他恭敬尊長。」子貢說:「敢問再次一等的怎樣。」孔子說:「說話一定信實,做事一定果斷,堅確自守,是個識量狹小的人啊。也許可以算是再次一等的了。」子貢又說:「現在從政的人怎樣?」孔子說:「唉!這些才短量淺的人,怎能算得上他們呢?」

【主旨】明士行。

 

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_13.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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