【原文】
子路問「成人(1)」。子曰:「若臧武仲(2)之知,公綽(3)之不欲,卞莊子(4)之勇,冉求之藝,文(5)之以禮樂;亦可以為成人矣!」曰:「今之成人者,何必然?見利思義,見危授命(6),久要(7)不忘平生之言(8);亦可以為成人矣!」
【英文】
Zi-lu asked about the complete man.
The Master said, “A man as wise as Zang Wu-zhong, as free from desires as Meng Gong-chuo, as courageous as Zhuang-zi of Bian and as accomplished as Ran Qiu, who is further refined by the rites and music, may be considered a complete man.” Then he added, “But to be a complete man nowadays one need not be all these things. If a man remembers what is right at the sight of profit, is ready to lay down his life in the face of danger, and does not forget sentiments he has repeated all his life even after having been long in straitened circumstances, he may be said to be a complete man.”
【注釋】
(1)成人,人格完備者。
(2)臧武仲,即臧武紇,魯大夫。有智慧。
(3)公綽,即孟公綽,魯大夫。性廉靜寡慾。
(4)卞莊子,魯卞邑大夫,有勇。
(5)文,修飾。
(6)授命,致命,言不愛其生,可與赴危難。
(7)久要,舊約;長久以前的約定。
(8)平生之言,平日所許之諾言。
【翻譯】
子路問怎樣才算是人格完備的人。孔子說:「要像臧武仲那樣的智慧,孟公綽的不貪心,卞莊子那樣的勇敢,冉求那樣的多才多藝,再加上禮樂的薰陶,也可算是人格完備的人了。」又說:「現今人格很好的人,又何必要這樣完備呢?只要做到看見利益,能夠顧到義理,遇到危難,能交出自己的生命,與人有舊約,不要忘掉平時許人的諾言,這也可以算是人格完備的人了。」
【主旨】論成人之行。
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【參考文獻】
1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。
2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。
3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_14.htm
4、楊伯峻 今譯,劉殿爵 英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。
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