【原文】

 

子貢曰:「管仲非仁者與?桓公公子糾,不能死,又相之。」子曰:「管仲相桓公,霸諸侯,一匡天下(1),民到于今受其賜。微(2)管仲,吾其被髮左衽(3)矣!豈若匹夫匹婦(4)之為諒(5)也,自經(6)於溝瀆(7),而莫之知(8)也!」

【英文】

Zi-gong said, “I don’t suppose Guan Zhong was a benevolent man. Not only did he not die for Prince Jiu, but he lived to help Huan who had the Prince killed.”

The Master said, “Guan Zhong helped Duke Huan to become the leader of the feudal lords and to save the Empire from collapse. To this day, the common people still enjoy the benefit of his acts. Had it not been for Guan Zhong, we might well be wearing our hair down and folding our robes to the left. Surely his was not the petty faithfulness of the common man or woman who commits suicide in a ditch without anyone taking any notice.”

 

【注釋】

(1)一匡天下,言尊周室,攘夷狄,皆所以匡正天下。匡,匡正。

(2)微,無,沒有。

(3)被髮左衽,披散頭髮,衣襟向左開,皆夷狄之俗。按:胡人風俗成人不束髮,故云批髮。胡人衣襟向左,故云左衽。衽,衣襟。

(4)匹夫匹婦,謂庶人。

(5)諒,小信。

(6)自經,自縊。

(7)溝瀆,田間水溝。

(8)莫之知,言無人知。

【翻譯】

子貢說:「管仲不是仁人吧?齊桓公殺了公子糾,管仲當公子糾的太傅,不能守節而死,反而輔佐桓公。」孔子說:「管仲輔佐齊桓公,稱霸於諸侯,使天下一切得到匡正,老百姓到現在還受到他的恩惠。如果沒有管仲,我們都會披散著頭髮,衣襟向左邊開,倫為夷狄了。難道管仲甘ㄧ般的小民一樣守小節,在田間水溝中自殺,不被人知道他是誰嗎?」

【主旨】論管仲之功。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_14.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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