【原文】

 

佛肸(1)召,子欲往。子路曰:「昔者由(2)也聞諸夫子曰:『親於其身為不善者,君子不入也』。佛肸以中牟畔(3),子之往也如之何?」子曰:「然,有是言也。不曰『堅』乎?磨而不磷(4);不曰『白』乎?涅而不緇(5)。吾豈匏瓜(6)也哉?焉能繫而不食(7)!」

【英文】

Bi Xi summoned the Master, and the Master wanted to go.

Zi-lu said, “Some time ago I heard it from you, Master, that the gentleman does not enter the domain of one who in his own person does what is not good. Now Bi Xi is using Zhong Mou as a stronghold to stage a revolt. How can you justify going there?”

The Master said, “It is true, I did say that. But has it not been said, ‘Hard indeed is that which can withstand grinding?’ Has it not been said, ‘White indeed is that which can withstand black dye?’ Moreover, how can I allow myself to be treated like a gourd which, instead of being eaten, hangs from the end of a string?”

 

【注釋】

(1)佛肸,晉大夫趙簡子之邑宰。

(2)由,子路之名。姓仲,字子路。

(3)以中牟畔,據中牟以叛趙氏。

(4)磨而不磷,磨之而不損不薄。磷,薄也。

(5)涅而不緇,言以皁礬染之以不黑也。以上兩句,喻人之不善,不能浼己。涅,皁礬,染之則黑。緇,黑色。

(6)匏瓜,匏瓜苦,人所不食。

(7)繫而不食,言匏瓜繫於ㄧ處,人不食之,我不能如此,故周留求行道於天下。

【翻譯】

佛肸派人來召請孔子,孔子想要去。子路說:「以前我聽老師說過:『一個人本身做過壞事,君子不願到他那邊去。』現在佛肸盤踞中牟叛亂,老師要到他那兒去,這怎麼說的過去呢?」孔子說:「是的,我是說過這種話,但我不也說過最堅硬的東西嗎?怎麼磨也不會薄;不也說過最潔白的東西嗎?怎麼染也染不黑。我難道是匏瓜嗎?怎能只是懸掛著而不被人採來吃啊!」

【主旨】人類對德行價值向往時自身之偽,好德行而未能最終真實行動時之偽。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_17.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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