【原文】

 

子曰:「古者民有三疾(1),今也或是之亡也。古之狂也肆(2),今之狂也蕩;古之矜也廉(3),今之矜也忿戾(4);古之愚也直(5),今之愚也詐(6)而已矣。」

【英文】

The Master said, “In antiquity, the common people had three weaknesses, but today they cannot be counted on even to have these. In antiquity, in being wild, men were impatient of restraint; today, in being wild, they simply deviate from the right path. In antiquity, in being conceited, men were uncompromising; today, in being conceited, they are simply ill-tempered. In antiquity, in being foolish, men were straight; today, in being foolish, they are simply crafty.”

 

【注釋】

(1)三疾,指三種偏短:狂、矜、愚。

(2)狂也肆,志大而不拘小節。

(3)矜也廉,持守嚴而有所不取。

(4)忿戾,易怒好爭。

(5)愚也直,暗昧不明而正直。

(6)詐,挾私妄作。

【翻譯】

孔子說:「古人有三種毛病,現在的人連這三種可貴的毛病都沒有了。古代的狂人常不拘小節,現在的狂人卻放蕩不羈了;古代矜持的人行為方正,現在矜持的人卻暴戾好爭;古代愚昧的人性情直爽,現在愚昧的人卻欺詐妄作。」

【主旨】人作為個體自身之偽ㄧ:人格內在性之偽,性情之真偽(古者、今者)。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_17.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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