【原文】

 

陳子禽子貢曰:「子為恭(1)也,仲尼豈賢於子乎?」子貢曰:「君子一言以為知,一言以為不知,言不可不慎也。夫子之不可及也,猶天之不可階(2)而升也。夫子之得邦家(3)者,所謂『立之斯立(4),道之斯行(5),餒之斯來(6),動之斯和(7)。其生也榮,其死也哀』,如之何其可及也?」

【英文】

Chen Zi-qin said to Zi-gong, “You are just being respectful, aren’t you? Surely Zhong-ni is not superior to you.”

Zi-gong said, “The gentleman is judged wise by a single word he utters; equally, he is judged foolish by a single word he utters. That is why one really must be careful of what one says. The Master cannot be equalled just as the sky cannot be scaled. Were the Master to become the head of a state or a noble family, he would be like the man described in the saying: he only has to help them stand and they will stand, to guide them and they will walk, to bring peace to them and they will turn to him, to set them tasks and they will work in harmony. In life he is honoured and in death he will be mourned. How can he be equalled?”

 

【注釋】

(1)為恭,謂為恭敬,推遜其師也。

(2)階,梯也。

(3)得邦家,得邦為諸侯,得家為卿、大夫。

(4)立之斯立,言孔子為政,立之以禮,則民無不立。

(5)道之斯行,言導之以德,則民莫不從。道,引也。

(6)餒之斯來,言安其民而遠人聞風而來歸。餒,安也。

(7)動之斯和,言役使之,則民和穆以從。動,役使。

譯】

陳子禽對子貢說:「你是特別尊敬老師罷了,仲尼的學問道德難道真的勝過你嗎?」子貢說:「君子由一句話表現他的聰明,也由一句話表現他的不聰明,因此說話不可以不謹慎啊!我們老師的崇高不可及,好比天無法用梯子爬上去一樣。如果我們老師有機會掌理國家政事,那就像古人所說的:『教人民自立,人民便能夠自立;引導人民行德,人民便能夠跟從;安撫民眾,民眾便來歸附;役使他們,他們也和樂順從;生前人人尊敬他,死後人人哀悼他。』,這樣別人如何能及得上他呢?」

【主旨】記子貢美孔子之德。

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_09.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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