【原文】

 

堯曰(1):「咨(2)!爾!天之曆數(3)在爾躬,允執其中(4)!四海困窮,天祿(5)永終。」舜亦以命禹(6)

(7):「予小子履(8),敢用玄牡(9),敢昭告于皇皇后帝(10):有罪不敢赦,帝臣不蔽(11),簡(12)在帝心!朕躬(13)有罪,無以萬方;萬方有罪,罪在朕躬。」

「周有大賚,善人是富(14)。」「雖有周親(15),不如仁人;百姓有過,在予一人。

謹權量(16),審法度(17),修廢官,四方之政行焉。興滅國,繼絕世,舉逸民,天下之民歸心焉。

所重民:食、喪、祭。

寬則得眾,信則民任焉。敏則有功,公則說(18)。」

【英文】

Yao said,

“Oh, Shun, The succession, ordained by Heaven, has fallen on thy person.

Holdst thou truly to the middle way.

If the Empire should be reduced to dire straits

The honours bestowed on thee by Heaven will be terminated for ever.”

Shun commanded Yu in like manner.

Tangsaid, “I, Lu, the little one, dare to offer a black bull and to make this declaration before the great Lord. I dare not pardon those who have transgressed. I shall present thy servants as they are so that the choice rests with Thee alone. If I transgress, let not the ten thousand states suffer because of me; but if the ten thousand states transgress, the guilt is mine alone.”

The Chou handed out great gifts and good men alone were enriched.

“I may have close relatives,

But better for me to have benevolent men.

If the people transgress

Let my person be punished.”

Decide on standard weights and measures after careful consideration, and re-establish official posts fallen into disuse, and government measures will be enforced everywhere. Restore states that have been annexed, revive lines that have become extinct, raise men who have withdrawn from society and the hearts of all the common people in the Empire will turn to you.

What was considered of importance: the common people, food, mourning and sacrifice.

If a man is tolerant, he will win the multitude. If he is trustworthy in word, the common people will entrust him with responsibility. If he is quick, he will achieve results. If he is impartial, the common people will be pleased.

 

【注釋】

(1)堯曰,此記命舜之辭。

(2)咨,嗟嘆聲。

(3)曆數,帝王相繼之次第。

(4)允執其中,言誠能秉守不偏不倚之道。

(5)天祿,指君祿。

(6)舜亦以命禹,言舜亦以堯命己之辭命於禹。

(7)曰,以下為湯伐桀後告天下之辭。

(8)予小子履,予小子,上古帝王自稱之辭。履,商湯之名。

(9)玄牡,玄,黑色。牡,公牛。夏朝崇尚黑色,祭祀用黑牛,商朝初年仍然崇尚黑色,其後改為崇尚白色。

(10)皇皇后帝,偉大的上帝。皇皇,偉大之意。后帝,天帝。后,君。

(11)帝臣不蔽,言天下賢人,皆上帝之臣,己不敢隱瞞。

(12)簡,擇也。

(13)朕躬,我本人。朕,我。躬,身。

(14)周有大賚善人是富,以下記周武王大封諸侯之言。言周家受天大賜,善人眾多,有亂臣十人是也。賚,賜也。

(15)周親,言至親。

(16)謹權量,以下明二帝三王政治教化。言謹其量、衡之制。權,稱錘。量,斗斛。

(17)法度,指禮樂制度。

(18)公則說,言政教公平,則民悅矣。

【翻譯】

堯帝說:「哦!舜呀!上天安排帝王相繼的次序,就要落在你身上,你應該誠實把握不偏不倚的中道!如果四海之人窮困,上天賜給你的祿位,也便永遠結束了。」舜也用同樣的話來告誡大禹。 
  商伐桀對天祝禱說:「我小子履,敢用黑色的公牛作祭品,敢明白的告訴你偉大的天帝:只要有罪的人,我不敢輕易的赦免他,那些賢人都是上帝的臣子,我也不敢隱瞞他們,由天帝自心來選用他們吧!我本人有罪,不要因此牽累到老百姓,老百姓有罪,罪該由我來承擔」
  周武王說:「周得上天的大賜,善人最多。」又說:「我雖雖然有至親的人,但不如有仁德的人。老百姓有過錯,責任都在我一人身上。」

謹慎的處理量、衡的制度,審察禮樂法度,重新修復廢棄的官職,四方的政令便通行無阻了。恢復被滅亡的國家,承續已斷絕的世族,提拔隱逸的賢人,那麼天下的民心便歸向了。   

古代帝王所重視的是:人民、糧食、喪禮、祭祀。   

寬厚待下,便能得眾人的擁護,誠信待下,便能得民眾的信賴,做事勤快,便有成就;施政公平,人民便心悅誠服。

【主旨】明二帝三王之道。

 

 

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【參考文獻】

1、譚家哲,《論語平解》,〈學而〉,大雁文化事業,2012。

2、《新譯四書讀本》,〈學而〉,三民書局,2009。

3、網頁http://www.taiwanus.net/E/E_4/E_4_20.htm

4、楊伯峻  今譯,劉殿爵  英譯,《論語》(Confucius The Analects),聯經出版事業,Chinese-English edition,2009。

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